The Ambitious Quests Frankenstein - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2367 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? The Ambitious Quests Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is a novel encircling the struggles that accompany the quest for ambition. Walton is driven by the desire of discovering new lands, Victor is driven by the ambitions of creating new life, but most important of all, the creature is driven by the desire to be seen as an equal in society. Upon reading it the first time in tenth grade, I mostly noticed the drastic consequences of desire and how ones life can be paved by their burning necessity to accomplish something. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Ambitious Quests Frankenstein" essay for you Create order I enjoyed the novel quite a lot, but along with school work comes a lot of stress since there was a significant amount of reading. And along with that a multitude of assignments and projects. But in the end, they only helped me develop the skills necessary for the essay that we were assigned to write. Last year, I chose to write my paper about the hardships of the monster to fit in, and his instances of denial by humanity to be seen as a physically and mentally alike person, leading to his acts of rebellion against humanity. Having burgeoned my knowledge of the wide perspective of features to notice in the text, I decided to read Frankenstein again because it can be very useful in making connections and writing essays on it, as it has a lot of complex and applicable aspects and details to it that Ive noticed from my second read. Also, just the mere idea of creating life, dealing with monsters, and setting foot on journeys brings great interest and rapture to me. However, having read so many new texts since tenth grade, and learned so much more about Literature, specifically archetypes, my second experience with Frankenstein was filled with sincere alacrity. AP Literature has enlightened me of the significance of archetypes, and now that Ive read this novel again, I realize how many there are, scattered around it. The first of these is the portrayal of seasons. Whenever it is spring, Victor is depicted as happy, hopeful, and positively speaking of nature and life, as evident in the line spring advanced rapidlymy senses were gratified by a thousand scents of delight and a thousand sights of beauty (Shelley, 136). However, when it is winter, things fall apart and everything is described as wretched and gloomy. For example, both Victors peak illness and Williams death, falsely accused to Justine, occurs in winter. Frankenstein reveals that this whole winterhas been consumed in my sick room (65), foreshadowing the negative vibes of the season of winter. Also, the death of his little brother meant everything to Victor, acting as the catalyst to everything that was to come later on in the novel. The role that season and weather play in this situation is very important as they clearly set the tone for the first death of the novel by the hands of the monster. As Victor approached the scene of Williams death, the darkness and storm increased every minute, and the thunder burst with a terrific crashvivid flashes of lightning dazzled my eyes (82). Instances like this, where Victor is mourning or experiences difficulties, are accentuated by bad weather. Shelley may have done this to emphasize the significance of the situation to Victors life; as, in this case, Victor continues to feel the guilt of Williams death for the rest of the novel, demonstrated in the line, I called myself the murder of William (217). The second of the multitude of archetypes in the novel is scarring and deformity, which is a huge factor, as the creature is viewed an d judged by his abhorred physical appearance. He is shunned by society because of his abnormal and unusual characteristics, and even after so much efforts of kindness and care to be accepted as a human equal, is put down by humanity and is denied his ambition of becoming apart of society. As described by Victor, the monster was defined by his gigantic stature, and the deformity of its aspect, more hideous than belongs to humanityit was the wretch, the filthy daemon, to whom I had given life (83). Being viewed solely by these features demoralizes the monster, ultimately leading to his ambition for revenge against his master. But he at one point acknowledges his deformities when he says when I became fully convinced that I was in reality the monster that I am, I was filled with the bitterest sensations of despondence and mortificationI did not entirely know the fatal effects of this miserable deformity (133), hinting at his sense of both giving up and foreboding his tragic hero endings. Also, he demonstrates a sense of sorrow for himself, explaining that he was cursed with the life of a wretched human being. Yet a more impactful and significant scarring was the wound the monster was given by the little girls father. The man shoots the creature because he thinks, as a result of the deformed appearance of the monster, that the intruder is a threat to both him and his daughter. When the monster saves the girl from drowning potentially a hint at a slight baptism the man takes the girl from the monster and runs off. But the creature, being kind and worrisome, follows in hopes of helping, only to be appreciated for his duties with a gun[aimed] at my body and fired (169). This bullet wound symbolizes a major turning point for the creature, as it represents a shift from wanting acceptance from society to seeking vengeance and violence upon humans. Shelley depicts the monster as the way he is in order to create an awareness of pity for the monster, as he is supposed to be the tragic hero of the novel; in a sense, his deformities allow the foreshadowing of his tragic end. The third is the attempted communion between both Clerval and Victor. When Frankenstein isolates himself for three years in order to make the monster, he becomes sick and denies any contact with humanity. However, when Henry appears in Ingolstadt, Victor is happy and cheerful to have his friend, and it is now that he accepts communication with others. Victor explains that when Henry appeared, they both went to go get breakfast, a meal that Victor attempts to have after years of isolation. He reveals, I jumped over the chairs, clapped my hands, and laughed aloud (63). His joy for communion represents both cheers for his friend, but also a wicked, wild sense to him as a result of elongated periods of isolation. Although a failed attempt at communion, the significance of this scene is that Victor accepts communion with none other than Henry, signifying the importance of his best friend. Before the meal can start, Victor immediately becomes ill, thus Clerval helps Victor regain his health for the next couple of months; again, only eating with Henry. Their relationship represents a complex and entwined connection, and when Clerval tragically dies, Frankenstein is nothing. He is left in despair and ruins and is sent to a mental asylum, no longer having the care and passion of a loving friend. Unhinged, he is drowned in insane thoughts of revenge. Shelley purpose behind this is to show Frankensteins self-centeredness, emphasizing his lack of ability to survive without the help of others, suggesting a weak soul behind the genius and scientist silhouette. Reading Frankenstein a second time was truly a different and unique experience, as I was able to use the list of short stories and novels Id newly read to connect to the novel. First-off, having readThou Blind Mans Mark by Sir Philip Sidney, I now had more knowledge on the subject of desire. The poem argued desire to be a trap, causing one pain and fatal consequences through the phrase thou web of will (Sidney, 4), which signifies the ability of desire to trap you in its complex and entwined problems. But desire in the eyes of Victor, Walton, and the monster is something that will give them what they want. For Victor and Walton, it is power, and for the monster, it is acceptance by those who have power. So, having read the poem helped me create a link, and actually helped create a foreshadow of the outcome of each of their desires. Another connection was with the short story Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin, as both Desiree and the creature leave the story by entering the water and not resurfacing, potentially a failed baptism. The monster, although evident that he wants to exult in the agony of the torturing flames (Shelley, 277) somewhere far away, jumps off the edge of the ship, borne away by the waves and lost in darkness and distance (Shelley, 277). However, Shelley purposefully left out the monsters resurfacing to leave the tale of the creature on hold and in the dark, potentially indicating at a failed baptism, thus another archetype. This decision leaves us questioning whether or not the monster will fulfill his promise of burning himself, most likely done to leave the tragedy of t he monster in the hands of the readers. Another connection I can make between Frankenstein and another book I read since last year is with Things Fall Apart. Both novels follow the same journey, of quest, tragedy, and failure. Had I not read Things Fall Apart, I would not have been able to make this connection, but now that I have read both, I can tell how similar they are in terms of journey. Okonkwo is destined with a burning desire to gain wealth and fame in his society. Walton and Victor desire to grow powerful from discovery and the creature desires to be accepted by humanity. Okonkwo faces consequences for his desires and ultimately leads to his exile. From there, he experiences a tragic downfall and at the end, a dreadful termination. The exile of Okonkwo is also portrayed in Victor, through his period in jail, and the monster, through his period of life after being denied by humanity both in the cottage and in the forest. Victor and the monster face the consequences of their needs as Victor is threatened by the death of his entire family except for one brother and friends and the monster is threatened by his own life being taken away. They both end in tragic deaths, truly reflecting Okonkwos life. Walton, on the other hand, is warned of the dangers of desire, and quickly disposes of his ambitions of discovery and returns home. He symbolizes a survivor of the curse of desire portrayed by Okonkwo, Victor, and the monster, something not evident in either text. This relationship between both prominent, yet century-apart novels is significant because they portray two great examples of the consequences and results of one who desires and fears failure and warns us the readers to beware of the cautions of ambition and where quests for such needs end up. Yet another outside the text connection I made this time around was the multitude of connections with the Bible. Along with the instances of Shelley relating the monster to Adam, Satan, and the Bible, I this time around realized the connection of Victor to God. Frankenstein, like God, created life. No matter the scale at which each made life, Victor is portrayed by Shelley as God-like, something that passed my head when reading last year. This God-like status he is given by Shelley portrays that of a Christ Figure, yet another archetype in the sea of the complexities within the novel. At the beginning of the text, Frankenstein exclaims I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation (46). This represents his selfishness and his desire to become the only one to create life and to gain power from his discovery. However, Victor does not hold up to his Christ Figure description, as he both denies his friendship with the monster and declines the creatures offer of leaving him alone in return for a wife. Through these two actions, Frankenstein proves he is not God-like and is simply a human being with deep desires. The use of biblical allusions in the text demonstrates the creation of a good and evil side for each character, depicting a human behavior for each individual. The ability of Shelley to relate her novel to the Bible is very fascinating, as it portrays intricate complexities and allows the reader to submerge even further into the meaning of her text. My second experience reading the novel was highlighted by archetypes and connections, as I now had a wider expanse of knowledge, thanks to AP Literature. My second journey with Frankenstein was filled with a more positive experience, as I now had prior knowledge of the book, allowing me to look deeper into the text and discover things I had not during tenth grade. Such examples include archetypes, which I did not know what they were until two months ago. I was able to connect the novel to more works of literature this time as I had read so many more texts since last year. Making connections and discovering new literary devices in the text was a highlight of my experience this time with the novel, and I believe that I have a better understanding of Shelleys purposes on writing the way she did. Her ability to portray the quests of ambition is very intriguing, as it dives deep into the potential dangers of desire and ambition. Her killing off all of Victors friends and family, including himself and the monster, reveals that ambition can be very fatal if not taken caution towards, as evident in Walton, who is the only ambitionist survivor. Therefore Shelley attempts to warn her readers of the evident and tragic results of desire, through the deaths of so many people in her novel. However, it is possible to assume that whatever was destined for Victor and the monster was eventually to come, depicting the inevitable repercussions of ambitious actions and decisions, which Shelley strongly portrays. But at the end of the day, whats comin will come, an well meet it when it does (Hagrid). Works Cited Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein. Barnes Noble, 2015.

Economic Sustainability And Economic Development - 1913 Words

Sustainable. Often heard used as a marketing buzzword to boost sales or win votes, it is firmly ingrained in the contemporary public psyche. A term first largely introduced by the 1987 Brundtland Report (by The World Commission on Environment and Development) who defined and politicized the term ‘sustainable development’, ‘sustainability’ has since taken on numerous connotations. Ecological sustainability refers to the robustness of our ecosystems and the ability to maintain or enhance our planet’s unique biodiversity. Economic sustainability is defined by Cato as continued economic development while not degrading our planet’s ecology (Cato, 2011), however not all definitions accord such a large role to the ecological state of our planet.†¦show more content†¦Where environmental problems are concerned, the neoclassical approach does not account for the market failure that occurs when all individuals are making decisions to achieve their personal ‘greatest happiness’. While theoretically this leads to a balanced optimum market; exclusivity, non-excludability, externalities, imperfect information, inappropriate government regulations and prisoners’ dilemma all prevent the macro-economic market from reaching a true pareto optimum (Goodland et. al, 1987) as predicted by the paradigm. In environmental terms, market failure results in an array of impacts of varying significance that are often amplified by the globalized macro-economy and our planet’s vast social inequity. For example, an externality such as air pollution may not directly affect the consumer, but can have adverse impacts on the local environment where the product was produced. This impact is often not reflected in the market value of the product, altering marginal cost curve and undermining the possibility of reaching an optimal market. In addition, the impacts of market failure often disproportionately affect the poorest communities and amplify social inequity. The neoclassical paradigm is thus fundamentally

Chapter APUSH free essay sample

Teapot Dome and other scandals of the Harding Administration- (Page 489) In 1924 a Senate investigation exposed the full scope of the scandals. Charles Forbes was convicted of stealing Veterans Bureau funds and evaded prison by fleeing abroad. Teapot Dome scandal involved Interior Secretary Fall, who went to Jail for secretly leasing government oil reserves in Elk Hills, Call and Teapot Dome, Wyoming to two oilmen while accepting loans from them totaling $400,000.Charles Evans Hughes and Washington Naval Arms Conference- (Page 88-489) President Hoardings Secretary of state who proposed that the destruction of ships to achieve an agreed upon ratio of craft among the worlds naval powers. Naval arms conference called by Harding In 1921 when naval race between US, Brutal, and Japan was a danger, they pledged to reduce battleships but failed to prevent war, US and Japan recognized each others territory in the Pacific and represented a pioneering arms-control effort. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter APUSH or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page F. Scott Fitzgerald- (Page 495) Was part of both the jazz age and the lost generation.Wrote books encouraging the flapper culture, and kooks scorning wealthy people being self-centered. He wrote This Side of Paradise where he romanticizes interpretation of the affluent postwar young. Ernest Hemingway- (Page 496) Innovative writer whose novels reflected the disillusionment of many Americans with propaganda and patriotic idealism; confronted war and the passion that Americans had in his writings. He wrote the best war novel where he powerfully depicted the wars futility and leaders Inflated rhetoric and captured the disillusionment of the authors generation. Harlem Renaissance- (Page 496-498) a lowering of African American culture In the sass; Instilled Interest In African American culture and pride in being an African American. It was a surge of creativity that spanned musical reviews, poems, and novels exploring the AJAX experience. Cultural nationalists would see it as a step toward an authentic American culture that owed nothing to London or Paris. Cacao and Vendetta- (Page 499-500) two Italian-born anarchists, unfairly tried and convicted for the armed robbery and murder of two pay-clerks in Massachusetts in 1920.On April 15,1920 robbers shot and killed the mastery and guard of a shoe factory in South Brainteaser,Mass and stole nearly $18,000. Cacao and Vendetta were arrested and charged and found guilty in 1921. They were executed. UK Klux Klan of the sass- (Page 501-502) In 1920, two Atlanta public-relations specialists propelled the Klan Into a national organization by stressing naturals and white supremacy. A recruitment campaign promised money to everyone wealth an elaborate sales web. The revived Klan targets were not only blacks but Catholics,Jew, and immigrants.Most of its members came from blue-collar hen John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school; pitted the teaching of Darnings theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism. They didnt want to believe anything that went against the literal interpretation of the bible. Violated Act, Wets and Dry- (Page 502-503) The Act specified that no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act. It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors. It established the Prohibition Bureau and it was largely undereducated and ineffective. The Dry were usually native-born Protestants that praised prohibition as a necessary and legitimate reform. The Wets were liberals, alienated intellectuals, Jazz Age rebels and urban immigrants that condemned it as moralistic meddling. Bootlegging- (Page 502) Illegal manufacture of alcohol usually made in bathtubs and known as bathtub gin. Smuggling of alcohol into speakeasies. Forefend-Encumber- This tariff rose the rates on imported goods in the hopes that domestic manufacturing would prosper.This prevented foreign trade, which hampered the economy since Europe could not pay its debts if it could not trade. ;, raised taxes on U. S import to 60% especially in the chemical and metals industries Smooth-Hawley- This tariff was one of Herbert Hovers early efforts to protect the nations farmers at the onset of the Great Depression. Raised price of foreign imports so they couldnt compete with American goods. It didnt work and hurt international trade. Flappers-(Page 495) women in the sasss who bobbed their hair, wore short skirts, and defied the morals and restrictions of he earlier generations.They were sophisticated, fashionable, pleasure-mad young women. They symbolized an elaborate complex of cultural values. Sinclair Lewis- (Page 495-496) American novelist who satirized middle-class America and attacked society in his 22 works, including Bait (1922) and Elmer Gantry (1927). He was the first American to receive (1930) a Nobel Prize for literature. Longboats Hughes- (Page 497) African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by Jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and affiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance.He transformed the oral traditions of transplanted southern blacks into The Weary Blues. Immigration Acts, quotas-(Page 499) Set of laws starting in 1921 that set quotas for the number of immigrants let in. The quota system represented the most enduring counterattack of rural, native-born America against the immigrant cities. Marcus Graver- (Page 498,502) Many poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, he urged black economic operation and founded a chain of UNION grocery stores and other business. Chapter Apush free essay sample The Red scare caused Americans to turn towards domestic isolation. There was an anti- union campaign. A lot of immigrants began to enter the U. S. And made low wages. Anti- Europeans thoughts posed a threat to U. S. Politics. Cheap labor, unskilled workers, and no true Americans led to thoughts of a threat. 2. 3. 4. The cultural changes that affected the diverse American melting pot would be the increase of crime, prohibition, and new music and style of entertainment. The flappers came into play along with the new music and style of entertainment.AY Capons represents the crime that happened since he was part of a gang during the sass. The immigration Act of 1924 and Emergency quota act of 1921 and the Voltages Act all affected the political and cultural changes of the sass. 5. In the sasss women started to act and dress more daring, instead of their dresses covering everything, their ankles were exposed which was a major thing in those times. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Apush or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Young adults were more open about talking and doing sexual things than older adults.Older adults were raised to never speak about sexual things and to never do sexual things before marriage due to religions, most people back then were very conservative. As the years went on women also started to take a greater role in society than before, they would do more than usual. Some men completely agreed with thing, other men were opposed to this whole-heartedly. 6. The Automobile and other new technologies created a mass-consumption economy because they made life more luxurious then they have ever experienced before.They finally didnt have to talk everywhere, they didnt need to ride their bikes and leave an hour earlier anymore because the car saved time and effort. The Model T. Created by Henry Ford was the first mass produced automobile. Because the car was invented, people got lazier and didnt want to do their normal duties. It was easier for people to travel and to buy bigger things because they could Just stick it in the car. Since the sass were very prosperous, most people had the money to buy a car, they were willing to spend he money and thus, they would buy more things elsewhere, creating a mass- consumption economy. . Through the popularity of the Jazz Age, Jazz music became very popular in the sasss. The Jazz Age was made possible through the Harlem Renaissance in New York. The Harlem renaissance created at least 500,000 new Jobs for Jobless African-Americans looking for work. Many of these people were able to find such Jobs in fields such as music, art, and literature. A popular Jazz musician of the Harlem renaissance was Louis Armstrong. Doll Hitters Mien Kampala was published in 1925.

Swatch Group free essay sample

There are two primary reason for the success of Swatch: one is the effective marketing strategy which the company uses by satisfying its target market well; the other is high quality and various design. Due to its high quality, Swatch watch is no longer just a simple everyday watch but one of the hot collectible items in the world. Additionally, they also have series of atches for every season, every special occasion and every event in the world (Thinking made easy,2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Swatch Group or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, more recently the whole watches market has been driven by a number of forces, which provide both opportunities and challenges with most of watchmakers. Swatch is no exception. Intensive competition between different brands is increasing in order to survive in this changeable market. The needs and wants of individual customers vary greatly and continually, which also means the customer is still seeing something new that will urge them to continue to support the products (Thinking made easy,2008). Therefore, Swatch must continue their performance and work and continue to research about its marketing environment, adjusting its marketing strategy timely to target customers. The aim of this report is to recommend a new marketing strategy to Swatch company, which can help this company win the competition, increase the sales profit and maintain brand loyalty. According to PEST analysis, Five forces analysis and SWOT analysis, the environment where Swatch company exists could be seen clearly. Lately e-commerce is used widely and becoming more popular. Due to the credit crunch, customers switch their purchase from Luxury items to low-price items. However, persistent economic recession in the UK has an adverse impact on Swatch. Intensive competition with other companies still put heavy pressure on it. Fortunately, Swatch has already been a strong brand image in the customers’ mind and has a wider presence in the fashion market. The high-quality and unique products are also becoming its strengths. Women are the major buyer in the UK market and they purchase more for themselves than men. In terms of segmentation, targeting and positioning, the target market of Swatch is working women among the 24 to 35 age group, who are able and willing to spend more on themselves. With the tendency of high porportion of single women, and high late marriage rate, this age group will extend to benefit the company a lot. Swatch also position itself in a high-quality but low-price place to attract more customers. Combining with all of above analyses, this report recommend Swatch to adopt market- penetration strategy, which requires the company to sell current produt to its current market. Customerized product sold with high price right aims at its target customers and satisfies their tastes. Under the help of moderate implementation and control, it is evident that market penetration strategy fit for Swatch and would bring maximized profit to it. 2. 0 Introduction According to Kidd (2007, p. 1-21), the watches market has shown a consistent growth profile, with year-on-year sales rises from 2002, to reach a value of ? 1. 22 bn by 2006. However, more recently the watches market has been driven by a number of factors, whether positively or negatively. Limited growth and any downturn in the UK economy would lead to declining sales †¢ Higher spending in other areas, such as clothing, food and travel †¢ Many brands compete with each other to gain more customers, which increases the product-competitiveness and price-competitiveness †¢ Expansion in the retail distribution †¢ Reposition into the fashion market †¢ Women are the major buyers in UK market and majority of their purchases are for themselves The Swatch Group Ltd is based in Switzerland and the world’s largest watchmaker (Kidd,2007, p. 27). It owns 19 watch brands, such as Omega, Rado, Longines and launches its products over 50 locations, including France, Germany, Italy, USA, the Virgin Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, and China, with its main facility in Switzerland. Swatch is one of the brand owned by this company, who is very famous for its slim plastic watches. As it is stated that (oppapers,2006), Swatch has uniquely pioneered the low cost fashionable watch market by combining fashion, style, and Swiss technology, and it sells watches, various accessories and apparel primarily to teens and young adults n the world. To compete in such a changeable watches market and satisfy its target customers well, Swatch must perform hard. How it can differentiate its products by carrying out a perfect marketing plan to attract its customers and maintain its brand loyalty will be the key and demonstrated in this report as its final objective. The report will first analyze the external and internal marketing environment for Swatch wh ere it competes by using a range of theoretical frameworks, such as PEST, Porter’s Five Forces, and SWOT.

Nixons Impeachment essays

Nixon's Impeachment essays The president shall be removed from office for, and on conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Was Nixon responsible for committing any of these impeachable crimes? Yes, He knew himself that he was going to be impeached, so he decided to resign. He was responsible for theft, treason and other high crimes. On June 17, 1972, burglary was committed by five men who were caught in the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate apartment and office complex in Washington, D.C. Their arrest uncovered a White House-sponsored plan of spying against political opponents and a trail of involvement led many officials but it also led to President Nixon himself. And since White House was being taped and all the conversations were being recorded, Nixon was asked to turn over the tape. He refused at first but later after the Supreme Court voting 8-0 he was forced to turn them over. On August 5, 1974, three tapes revealed that Nixon had, on June 23, 1972, ordered the Federal Bureau of Investigation to stop investigating the Watergate break-in. The tapes also showed that Nixon himself had helped to direct the cover-up of the administration's involvement in the affair. Involvement in Investigators also discovered that the Nixon administration had asked for large sums of money in illegal campaign contributions, which was used to finance political spying and to pay more than $500,000 to the Watergate burglars. Nixon systematically lied about his involvement in the break-in and cover-up. And he abused his powers and failed to honor his committees subpoenas. . Southern Democrats and Republicans leaning toward impeachment composed language that could command wide support. The votes were 27-11, 28-10, and 21-17. In the first two votes, 6 and 7 Republicans joined all 21 Democrats to form majorities. On August 5 Nixon released a transcript revealing his role in the cover-up. After i...

Official Listing of Countries by Region of the World

Official Listing of Countries by Region of the World The 196 countries of the world can be logically divided into eight regions based on their geography, mostly aligning with the continent on which they are located. That said, some groupings dont strictly adhere to divisions by continent. For example, the Middle East and North Africa are separated from sub-Saharan Africa along cultural lines. Likewise, the Caribbean and Central America are grouped separately from North and South America due to similarities based on latitudes.   Asia Asia stretches from former stans of the  USSR  to the  Pacific Ocean.  There are 27 countries in Asia and it is the worlds largest and most populous region, with about 60 percent of the worlds population living there. The region boasts five of the 10 most populous countries in the world, with India and China taking the top two spots. BangladeshBhutanBruneiCambodiaChinaIndiaIndonesiaJapanKazakhstanNorth KoreaSouth KoreaKyrgyzstanLaosMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaMyanmarNepalPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanTajikistanThailandTurkmenistanUzbekistanVietnam Middle East, North Africa, and Greater Arabia The 23 countries of the Middle East, North Africa, and Greater Arabia include some countries not traditionally considered as part of the Middle East (such as Pakistan). Their inclusion is based on culture. Turkey is also sometimes placed in lists of Asian and Europan countries since geographically, it straddles them both. In the last 50 years of the 20th century, due to a decline in mortality rates and a high rate of the fertility rate, this region grew faster than any other in the world. As a result, demographics there skew young, while in many more developed regions, such as in Asia, Europe, and North America, population bubbles skew older. AfghanistanAlgeriaAzerbaijan (The former republics of the Soviet Union are typically lumped into one region, nearly 30 years after independence. In this listing, theyve been placed where most appropriate.)BahrainEgyptIranIraqIsrael (Israel may be located in the Middle East, but it is certainly an outsider culturally and perhaps better belongs attached to Europe, like its seaward neighbor and European Union member state, Cyprus.)JordanKuwaitLebanonLibyaMoroccoOmanPakistanQatarSaudi ArabiaSomaliaSyriaTunisiaTurkeyThe United Arab EmiratesYemen Europe The European continent and its local region contain 48 countries and stretches from North America and back to North America as it encompasses Iceland and all of Russia. As of 2018, data shows that about three-quarters of its population live in urban areas. Having so many peninsulas, and the region itself being a peninsula of Eurasia, means a wealth of coastline on its mainland- more than 24,000 miles (38,000 kilometers) of it, in fact. AlbaniaAndorraArmeniaAustriaBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermanyGreeceHungaryIceland (Iceland straddles the Eurasian plate and the North American plate, so geographically it is halfway between Europe and North America. However, its culture and settlement are clearly European in nature.)IrelandItalyKosovoLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMaltaMoldovaMonacoMontenegroNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUkraineUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (The United Kingdom is the country composed of the constituent entities known as England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.)Vatican City North America Economic powerhouse North America includes  only three countries but it takes up most of a continent and is thus a region onto itself. Since it stretches from the Arctic to the tropics, North Americ includes almost all the major climate biomes. In the farthest reaches north, the region stretches halfway around the world- from Greenland to Alaska- but at its farthest point south, Panama has a narrow point thats only 31 miles (50 kilometers) wide. CanadaGreenland (Greenland is an autonomous territory of Denmark, not an independent country.)MexicoThe United States of America Central America and the Caribbean Among the 20 countries of Central America and the Caribbean, none are landlocked, and half are islands. In fact, there is no location in Central America that is more than 125 miles (200 kilometers)  from the sea. Volcanoes and earthquakes go hand in hand in this region, as many of the islands in the Caribbean are volcanic in origin and not dormant.   Antigua and BarbudaThe BahamasBarbadosBelizeCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican RepublicEl SalvadorGrenadaGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaNicaraguaPanamaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesTrinidad and Tobago South America Twelve countries occupy South America, which stretches from the equator to nearly the Antarctic Circle. Its separated from Antarctica by the Drake Passage which is 600 miles wide (1,000 kilometers). Mount Aconcagua, located in the Andes Mountains in Argentina near Chile is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere. At 131 feet (40 meters)  below sea level, the  Valdà ©s Peninsula, located in southeastern Argentina is the hemispheres lowest point.   Many Latin American countries are experiencing a financial contraction (such as unfunded pensions for an aging populace, deficit government spending, or the inability to spend on public services) and also have some of the most closed economies in the world. ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela Sub-Saharan Africa There are 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. (Some of these countries are actually intra-Saharan or within the Sahara Desert.) Nigeria is one of the fastest-growing countries in the world, and by the year 2050, will overtake the United States as the worlds third most populous nation. As a whole, Africa is the second largest and second most populous continent. Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa achieved independence between the 1960s and 1980s, so their economies and infrastructure are still developing. This is is proving most difficult for countries that are landlocked due to the extra hurdles in transportation and right of way they must overcome to get their goods to and from port. AngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeThe Central African RepublicChadComorosRepublic of the CongoThe Democratic Republic of the CongoCote dIvoireDjiboutiEquatorial GuineaEritreaEthiopiaGabonThe GambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSao Tome and PrincipeSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSouth SudanSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZambiaZimbabwe Australia and Oceania The 15 countries of Australia and Oceania vary widely by culture and occupy a large swath of the world ocean. With the exception of continent/country Australia, the region does not occupy a great deal of land. Islands have been known- since Charles Darwin pointed it out- for their endemic species and nowhere is this more apparent than in Australia and Oceania. For instance, about 80 percent of the species in Australia are unique to that country. Endangered species in the region range from those in the ocean to those in the sky. Challenges to conservation include the remote location and fact that much of the areas oceans are outside the direct jurisdiction of the countries there. AustraliaEast Timor (While East Timor lies on an Indonesian [Asian] island, its eastern location requires that it be located in the Oceania nations of the world.)FijiKiribatiMarshall IslandsThe Federated States of MicronesiaNauruNew ZealandPalauPapua New GuineaSamoaSolomon IslandsTongaTuvaluVanuatu

International criminal organization Research Paper

International criminal organization - Research Paper Example The intelligence report further reveals that the top leaders of the criminal gang met at Los Angeles where they made the deliberations on changing tact to camouflage and disguise them against identification. There are all indications that the same information is intended to reach other states where the unlawful sect has been committing a series of criminal activities. It would be therefore challenging on the authorities to rely on the traditional tattoos on their bodies as a prognosis for the group. The gangs’ possible number will be therefore difficult to estimate since further recruitment is ongoing in disguise. The successful change of tact by the group is responsible for the increment of the criminal reports in the last quarter of the year since the groups identification has been a challenge-the authorities always depend on their tattooed bodies for the identification (Books LLC, 2010). Growth The criminal gang has extended their operation in the major states and they are no longer restricted in their original state of Los Angeles. We have ascertained that the gang has significance presence in other states like Texas, North Carolina, Maryland, Virginia, Montgomery, and San Francisco among others (Logan, 2009). Their identification has been mistaken for other groups following successful change of their operation schemes and other recognizable features formerly exclusively associated with the group. The group is also identified to gain exponential growth among the youths who are jobless. Through the intelligence report, neighboring countries have also joined the group and are encroaching into the country to commit crimes this includes Canada and Mexico. It is very difficult to identify the members of the group as at now and our intelligence are working extra hard to have leading information that will help distinguish the group. Reports have also revealed that a group that was constituted by only about one thousand street operators has grown internation al with accumulative number of more than five hundred thousand individuals. Our reports indicate that the group’s presence is felt in Mexico, Canada, and significantly in parts of Central America. We have also unraveled the fact that the operation of the group in transitional between the countries through the porous borders making the gang unpredictable n terms of geographical location. Reliable information indicates that Washington DC is one of their next locations to invade. The security agencies should in this regard keep stringent vigil to avert the establishment of the group in the region. Activities in the Offing Because of the stringent security measure that has been aimed at eradicating the group on their known criminal activities, we have realized that they are in elaborate plan to devise new criminal activities away from what they are traditionally known for. A part from their usual activities of money laundering, drug trafficking, murder kidnapping, and human traff icking, the group has also mutated to engage in other criminal activities such as arms trafficking, extortion, larceny, and pandering (Logan, 2009). It has come to our notice that the gang is putting a spirited effort to cushion themselves against facing the law. Reasonable number of illegal fire arms are also circulating within the group and reliable sources

Accounting and Managment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Accounting and Managment - Research Paper Example Coombs & Jenkins (2002) Costly: For a better idea of the real cost of budget preparation, consider a company where 160 employees devote time to some aspect of budgeting. At an average cost of approximately $105,000 per employee, the company s annual cost of budgeting is nearly $17 million. Van der Stede (2003) Are irrelevant to today's environment: Budgets are developed and updated too infrequently. In today's turbulent business environment, the budgeted numbers could change daily and, as a result, the budget would be out of date before the financial year has even begun. (Barr, p38) Inflexible: Budgets are too reactive and inflexible and are a barrier to change. There are very few companies that actually update their budget during the fiscal year, purely because it is too complex and time consuming. Management and governments also spend very little time each month working on strategy, as most time is spent on data collection, reconciliation and accountability for public funds. Niskanen (1971) Internally focused: Jeremy Hope and Robin Fraser (2003) argue that budgets focus on cost reduction and not value creation. Budgets focus on internally generated targets that are comfortably achievable by you, but appears difficult to your superior. This breeds sub-optimalisation and does not promote growth of shareholder value. Production oriented: According to Stefan Sering and Maria Goldbach (2002), the traditional budget was developed in the manufacturing era where production costs and revenues were predictable, whereas today, an event such as 9/11 can change the way you do business at the drop of a hat. Concentrate on numbers: In the form of incrementalism-where the previous year's appropriation is the starting point for budget formulation, with negotiations focused on increments or decrements, state budgets. It is quite evident that while making budgets, the emphasis is on numbers and cost cutting. Aaron Wildavsky (2001). Does not include non financial information: The budget structure does not reflect changes in the company's organization and processes, and people were budgeting many costs largely under someone else's control. Hope and Fraser (2003) argue that front line managers are unable to regulate their own performance and financial planning processes. And therefore individual behaviours are not better aligned with corporate strategy. They don't reduce costs but protect them. This comes from the age old "use it or lose it" mentality. Staff knows that if they don't use a budgeted expense, it will get pulled from the next year's budget as management sees it as unnecessary especially in the public sector. Any unused balances are cut from the next annual budget. Brimson, Antos and Collins (1999). They encourage managers to play games with it. Budgets can encourage 'gaming' and perverse behaviour. Finance managers are more than familiar with "managing the slack" and making the budget "presentable" to the board. This, however, creates a culture of dishonesty and can lead to greater troubles such as fraud. Jensen (2001) They are results oriented. According to Hansen and Mowen (2006), when budgets are resource driven rather than output driven, then managers concentrate on resources and may fail to see the link between resources and output. When the need arises for cost cutting they make cuts on

The Effect Of Overfishing On Bluefin Tuna In Marine Life Essay Example for Free

The Effect Of Overfishing On Bluefin Tuna In Marine Life Essay This essay will show the important of fish in our life and explain the effect of overfishing in the marine life and discuss about solutions that will help to reduce the overfishing. Fish is generally a healthy protein choice, lower in saturated fat, total fat and calories than a comparable portion of meat or poultry. Some fish, particularly fatty, cold water fish such as salmon, mackerel and herring are high in omega-3 fatty acids, a type of fat that helps make your blood less likely to form clots that may cause heart attacks. Anchovies, sardines and lake trout are other good sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Especially for those at risk of heart disease, the benefit of eating fish thats rich in omega-3 fatty acids outweighs  potential risks. Some 80 percent of the worlds fish stocks have been fished to their limits, and that’s because of the overfishing. Literally overfishing is when so many fish are caught that the population cant reproduce enough to replace them. Overfishing can lead to depletion of or extinction of many fish populations. Overfishing is considered one of the biggest threats to bluefin tuna. Red tunas, sharks, rays and cods may soon disappear from our tables. Negotiations are ongoing at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to reduce the subsidies that contribute to this issue. These talks foresee exceptions for developing countries, but small fishers may have to turn to other sources of livelihood. Worldwide scientists are worried about the number of Bluefin tuna for being fished into extinction. The say a ban on fishing is necessary to stop and help numbers recover. Some countries supported the idea but some other countries rejected it. A country like Japan refused to join in any kind of agreement to ban international trade of Bluefin tuna. Knowing that Japan consumes about 80% of the worlds bluefin tuna catch from the Mediterranean. And according to there country’s top fisheries negotiator Masanori Miyhara We dont believe the bluefin tuna is endangered to that extent,† With Japans impact on the bluefin fishing industry, its intensely disappointing and worrying to see the country take this stance. Another country disagree the ban was France, which has the largest Mediterranean Bluefin fleet. The country said it was prepared to back an international trade ban. But let us not to forget the efforts that being taken and incited from small-scale fishermen, Greenpeace campaigners and the marine scientists for substantial reduction in catches to allow stocks to recover. A plan approved from the European MPs on the fisheries committee that aims to tackle the issues. It has set an objective to bring fish stocks back to sustainable levels by 2020, with an intermediate goal to reduce exploitation by 2015. In my opinion dietary choices has indirect impact on saving the marine life and the reducing the catch of Bluefin tuna. Theres a consumer angle in this, a way for the individual to take action, even if many of the solutions to overfishing have to take place at the collective level. Then there is simple demand reduction. Eat less fish. It may be a healthy source of protein as well as other nutrients, but the fact of the matter is that there isnt much  in fish that cant also be ob tained from plant sources. Without action both nationally and internationally, individual action will be insufficient to prevent overfishing. However, cutting back on the amount of fish eaten, and ensuring what is eaten is from sustainable source is about the biggest impact a single person can have. Finally we shall accept and agree that the issue of overfishing of the Bluefin tuna exists in our world sooner or later we shall come across seas without fish and marine life. Coming across the fact that two thirds of fish stocks in the continent’s waters are currently overfished. Serious action and cooperation should be taken from major big countries in order to tackle the issue. We need to come closer together countries individual and give extra care to out marine life. My references: 1. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/19417.php 2. http://www.globalissues.org/news/2009/07/02/2051. 3. http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/greenpeace-welcomes-bold-plan-end-discards-and-overfishing-20121218. 4. http://www.treehugger.com/green-food/how-bad-is-overfishing-what-can-we-do-to-stop-it.html.

Pre 1914 Short Stories :: The Red Room H.G. Wells Gotchi Horror Essays

Pre 1914 Short Stories Short stories were very popular in those times because they were published in magazines for house wives to read because they had nothing else to do other then clean the house while their husbands were working. Also the husbands would read them when they got home. In ghost stories the typical setting is usually a dark place or somewhere in the middle of nowhere. ‘The Red Room’, by H.G Wells is a classic gothic horror story set in the nineteenth century. Wells conveys the experience of fear in ‘The Red Room’ in many ways. The narrator first starts off by making a bold statement in which he mentions that ‘it would take a very tangible ghost’ to scare him. Since he knows that ghosts are thought to be invisible, he mentions tangible instead. Notice he says tangible. It could mean that a ghost wouldn’t scare him, as ghosts (according to others) aren’t tangible. Furthermore he shows his fearlessness by describing the old people in a ghostly way and yet he himself is not showing any fear at this stage. Wells also uses clever manipulation, for he manipulates the reader into thinking that fear is not present at all, which is not the case, because that aspect of fear is around him with the old people. So by him showing such a contrast in the fearless character of the narrator, and the fearful environment or people, he makes the narrator stand out and be thought of as very gallant indeed. There is an unusual and sudden increase in the build-up of fear as the old lady mentions something about so much to be seen in the castle and sorrow for what has been seen by the naked eye. Maybe the old woman means sorrow for the young duke who had to die. She might have also meant that so many people have tried to come out of ‘the red room’ alive and abolish the myth of the room being haunted, but much sorrow is felt each time when they don’t make it out alive. A sense of suspicion is built-up by the old folks in the castle, for the boy suspects them of enhancing the ‘spiritual terrors’ of the house by using their repetitive insistence. The narrator’s character at the beginning is one of a more bold nature, for, he mentions that if he is to see a ghost then he will become wiser for he would know what lays behind the door. Here you can notice that the narrator takes a much more tranquil approach to the situation, when he mentions as

Organic Farming

Mary Sears Taylor ENG 1120 Blair Date Sustainable Agriculture: The Switch from Industrial to Organic P1: Agriculture is the most important user of environmental resources and plays a crucial role in the economy, human health, and production of food and fiber. Currently the debate over agriculture is how to feed the world’s growing population, but in a non-damaging process. Agriculture needs a change resulting in sustainability, but the debate begins with how to achieve sustainability in agriculture. One side insists on expanding the current system of industrial agriculture, which depends on monoculture and mechanization.This modern approach to agriculture, which developed during the 20th century, has successfully fed the growing population, but has resulted in devastating effects on the environment and human health. Organic farming techniques, on the other hand, have recently been introduced as another possible solution to sustainable agriculture. Organic methods, including of crop rotation, pest management, and cover crops, have proven to be less damaging to the environment. Despite the proven benefits, some believe that organic farming methods will not produce enough food to feed the world’s growing population.Therefore, this side of the agricultural debate insists on merging organic farming and industrial agriculture together. Even though feeding the world’s growing population is essential, human health should never be at cost. Organic farming needs to completely replace industrial agriculture. According to Gracelinks. org, â€Å"Sustainable agriculture is the production of food, fiber, or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare. This definition proves that industrial agriculture does not meet the requirements of sustainability due to its cause of land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and pollution. Industrial agriculture has successfull y produced an abundant amount of food, but the harmful effects it causes on the environment and public health are unacceptable and unsustainable. P2: Sustainable agriculture techniques aim to embrace farming practices that mimic natural ecological practices.Methods that are sustainable will benefit the farmer, the land, and the community as a whole. Brodt Sonja from The Nature Education Knowledge Project states, â€Å"Agricultural sustainability rests on the principle that we must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. † This definition only begins to prove that organic farming is more sustainable than industrial agriculture. Industrial techniques compromise future generations’ ability to meet their needs.Even though industrial methods produce an abundant amount of food, the impacts are overwhelming on the environment and human health, resulting in an unsustainable world. Despite those who support i ndustrial agriculture or a combination of industrial and organic methods, I found research which proves that organic farming is solely the answer. The results I found confirm that the key to sustainable agriculture involves a complete shift of methods. After researching the debate, I am confident that a change from industrial to organic is vital to improve our environment and attain a sustainable agriculture.The organic farming approach to agriculture has proven to be more beneficial to the environment and public health, along with producing high yields. Agriculture will be made sustainable and ecologically sound by adopting organic farming techniques such as crop rotation, crop diversity, cover crops and pest management. These organic farming methods will continue to feed the world’s growing population without damaging consequences. P3: Sustainable agriculture strives to provide an abundance of food while using methods that do not harm the environment and improve human healt h.The Union of Concerned Scientists states, â€Å"Sustainable agriculture is grounded in the idea of stewardship: preserving the resources that allow us to meet our own needs, so that future generations can meet theirs too. † This means that an approach to farming needs to be economically viable, environmentally friendly, and beneficial to the society in order to be sustainable. Impacts of agriculture currently include land degradation, limits to water availability, loss of biodiversity, and pollution. These negative outcomes are caused by industrial agriculture methods.Yet, some people argue that industrial agriculture is more sustainable than organic farming. P4: Industrial agriculture is the current form of agriculture used in the United States and other developed countries. Economy Watch defines industrial agriculture as a â€Å"modern form of capital intensive farming which requires huge amounts of innovation in agriculture machinery. † The properties of industria l agriculture, which include monoculture, the practice of growing a single crop year after year, and reliance on chemical fertilizer, both result in destructive effects on the environment.Despite these consequences, industrial agriculture produces an abundant amount of food. Therefore, some people argue that the techniques of industrial farming need to be adjusted, not replaced. The article, â€Å"Will Organic Food Fail to Feed the World,† written by David Biello, argues a hybrid approach to sustainable agriculture. Biello states that industrial technologies have â€Å"fed the swelling human population† and â€Å"the world already produces 22 trillion calories annually via agriculture. The evidence supports his argument that the methods of industrial agriculture result in an abundant production of food that successfully feeds the growing population. However, the methods used to produce the great amount of food are harmful to the environment. David Biello also attempts to argue that organic farming will not supply enough food. Quoting environmental scientist Verena Seufert, from McGill University, Biello states, â€Å"We found that, overall, organic yields are considerably lower than conventional yields. By quoting Verena Seufert, Biello uses an ethical appeal to support his argument. It proves the importance of industrial agriculture due to its high yields and food production. His solution to agriculture, combining methods of both industrial and organic farming techniques, is not sustainable. The impacts caused by industrial agriculture out way the benefits. There is a completely sustainable approach that allows farmers to produce enough food without harming human health or the environment. The approach is organic farming.Even though industrial agriculture produces an abundant amount of food, the methods rely on mechanization, monoculture, and synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides. The reliance on these methods exhaust the natural resou rces that human life depends on. The Pesticide Action Network states, â€Å"Industrial agriculture treats the farm as a factory, with inputs (pesticides and fertilizers), and outputs (crops. )† The use of comparison between farms and factories, two very opposite areas, informs the reader of the negative impacts of industrial farming.The production of food in factories and the use of chemicals result in negative externalities. The reliance on monoculture in industrial agriculture results in a threat to biodiversity. Monoculture farming depends heavily on chemical inputs because growing the same plant in the same place year after year quickly depletes nutrients that plants rely on. The only way to replenish the nutrients lost, is by adding synthetic fertilizers. The synthetic products added to soil deplete the nutrients in crops as well as producing harmful pollutants into the air.The Pesticide Action Network notes that industrial agriculture uses 70% of the planet’s fre sh water along with being responsible for 1/3 of global greenhouse gas emissions. These outrageous percentages can be reduced only if industrial agriculture is replaced. Industrial agriculture has a high price tag as well. In the article â€Å"Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems,† David Pimentel quotes the National Research Council when stating, â€Å"The cost of excessive fertilizer use- that is, fertilizer inputs that exceed the amount crops can use- is $2. billion per year. † Pimentel’s use of ethos and logos together successfully persuades the reader away from industrial farming. The harmful chemicals and high costs make industrial farming unsustainable. If sustainable agriculture is the goal, industrial methods and techniques must be replaced all together. Despite the arguments supporting industrial agriculture, organic farming has proven to be the solution to sustainable agriculture. The beneficial results include more fertile soil, greater biodiversity and healthier food products for consumers.These benefits support the requirements of sustainability and are achieved through organic agriculture techniques. Organic farming methods include crop rotation, pest management, crop diversity, and absence of chemicals. By adopting these methods, farmers will produce sustainable farms that can feed the world’s growing population, without negative externalities that halt future generations from succeeding. Crop rotation is the process of growing different crops in succession in the same field or area. When farmers use this organic farming method they avoid consequences such as soil degradation.Crop rotations help to replenish nitrogen in the crop’s soil, therefor chemicals are not needed to replenish the soil’s nutrients. Crop rotation also provides a solution to pest problems. Many pests prefer a specific crop, therefore continuing to grow the same in crop year af ter year guarantees pests a steady food supply. The Union of Concerned Scientists’ article, â€Å"Sustainable Agriculture Techniques,† states that â€Å"rotation reduces pest pressure on all the crops in the rotation by breaking the pest reproductive cycles. † This statement proves that organic farming methods are able to reduce the presence of pests.By planting different crops in a series, farmers decrease the chance of pest problems, in addition to using non-chemical fertilizers. The use of crop rotation allows farmers to produce healthier soil due to the absence of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The use of different plants in a row allows for an increase in soil organic matter which is healthier for the soil and crops being grown. The article, â€Å"Sustainable Development: Five Ways to Get Rid of Pests without Using Chemicals,† argues that the switch from chemical pesticides has led to better soil health.The article quotes Thakur Das, a rice far mer with experience from switching to organic farming, and states, â€Å"Most farmers use chemicals, but their soil is totally dead. † This use of ethos sways the reader to believe the argument. Interviewing a farmer with experience, proves that organic farmers have healthier soil in comparison to farmers who use chemicals. Healthy soil is one of the most important elements of agriculture. Enriched healthy soil can improve yields and produce crops less vulnerable to pests. Another unique benefit of organic farming is its ability to improve biodiversity.Biodiversity in farming is a key contributor to sustainable agriculture. While industrial techniques lack in biodiversity, organic methods increase and support biodiversity. James Randerson, author of the article â€Å"Organic Farming Boosts Biodiversity,† discusses seventy-six studies that measured biodiversity. After the studies were reviewed, the results proved that sixty-six out of ninety-nine found organic farming m ore beneficial to wildlife. Randerson states, â€Å"Organic farming increases biodiversity at ever level of the food chain. His use of logos blatantly displays the evidence to the reader, supporting the argument that biodiversity is increased through organic farming. In addition to Randerson’s proof regarding biodiversity, the article, â€Å"Sustainable Development: Five Ways to Get Rid of Pests without Using Chemicals,† also proves that crop diversity improves agricultural biodiversity. Currently, pests thrive in monocultures. Monoculture is simply the practice of growing a single crop over a large area. This results in negative effects on the environment. An easy solution to this is crop diversity.The article quotes sustainable agriculture expert, Jules Pretty, when stating, â€Å"Farm biodiversity is a more sustainable method of dealing with pests. † The use of ethos helps persuade the reader that crop diversity is a sustainable method. Due to Pretty’ s expertise, the information provided is likely to be true. Chemical additives, which pollute air and destroy crops, are in no way helpful to agriculture. Using techniques such as crop diversity will decrease the need for chemicals. Organic farming methods have proven to increase biodiversity in agriculture, making it a more sustainable approach.The use of organic farming methods result is a sustainable farm. Sustainable farms produce foods without excessive use of pesticides. This process makes the food healthier for the consumer. Research from the Green Peace Corporation states that â€Å"organic crops contain significantly more vitamin C, iron, and magnesium. † Each of these are important to human health. The research supports organic farming, as opposed to industrial agriculture. Sustainable farming successfully produces healthy food in an environmentally friendly manner.

Women’s Rights Movement DBQ

The women’s rights movement had all but disappeared after the adoption of the 19th Amendment in 1920. However, in the post-World War II period, women increasingly realized that they continued to face obstacles in achieving equality in American society. Throughout the history of the nation, women in the United States have always suffered from discrimination and were inferior to men. Women quickly realized that change was needed and they had to do something about it.After World War II, women were extremely disappointed because many were separated with the work place and were also dissatisfied with their lives because they felt bored a restricted. Women came together to try to achieve equality after the war by creating the National Organization for Women (NOW) and attempt to pass the Equal Rights Amendment. The struggle women were put through in the past have now helped the rights and treatment of women today. After World War II, women were dissatisfied with their roles and wante d equality. After the war, about two million women lost their jobs (Doc 1).They were told they didn’t want to work, and were forced to become homemakers and became separated from the workplace (Doc 1). Women began to question, â€Å"Is this all there is? † (Doc 2). They only made beds and shopped for groceries; women felt restricted and led boring lives (Doc 2). Women were also disappointed because there were only certain jobs available to them; mostly clerical work such as domestic service, retail sales, social work, teaching and nursing (RBP 983). These jobs paid poorly and no matter what, women were always made fewer wages than men.Women were also upset because they were denied easy access to education unlike men, and wanted to have a career outside of the home but could not because their lack of schooling. Women were not provided the same amount of opportunities as men and were very dissatisfied with their boring, restricted lives. Such lives led some women to orga nize small groups to discuss their concerns. During these â€Å"consciousness-raising† sessions, women shared their lives with each other and discovered that their experiences were not unique (RBP 985).The theory behind the women’s movement of the 1960’s was feminism, the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men (RBP 982). Because women came together and really started to believe they should be treated the same and have the same opportunities, they attempted in many different ways to achieve equality. Most women went through many unfair and bad experiences throughout their lives during the 1960’s, but there were many attempts to try and better their lives.In 1966, 28 women including Betty Friedan, created the National Organization for Women (also known as NOW), to pursue women’s goals (RBP 984) and to accomplish other goals such as women’s rights and control their own reproductive lives (Doc 3). Thanks to the Supreme Court, it was ruled that women had the right to choose an abortion during the first three months of their pregnancy in 1973. One significant goal of NOW was the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (Doc 3).The Equal Rights Amendment was a proposed and failed amendment to the U. S. Constitution that would have prohibited any government discrimination on the basis of sex (RBP R57). It failed because only 35 states approved out of the 38 needed (RBP 985). The passage of the Equal Rights Amendment would have been an extremely significant event because women would have been able to get the same pay as men, they could get managerial jobs instead of just menial ones, and it was a high possibility to reduce the amount of prejudice towards women.Other attempts to create equality after the war consisted of the challenge of the Cult of Domesticity, Roe v. Wade, representation in politics, and Title IX (notes). Even though not all attempts were successful, women got the poi nt across that they were tired of the unequal treatments and wanted change. Women have always been treated unequal throughout history, and were expected to bow down to men because they were inferior to them. Daily, they have suffered from all aspects of life; social, economic and political.They weren’t given the same job and educational opportunities, and were completely denied voting rights. Women did do many things to try to fix the discrimination between themselves and men, some worked such as the National Organization for Women, the case of Roe v. Wade, and Title IX. While some attempts failed like the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. Even though women faced many obstacles in the nation’s past, there are still many more to come to completely demolish discrimination.

The Affect Weather Has on Human Life

The Affect Weather Has on Human Life Introduction Destructions caused by storms, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and further source of danger often expose human to insecurity, exacting a serious economic cost and weakening livelihoods. These effects can be short-term, but in many instances disaster also damages the lasting habitability or economic normal growth and development of the affected region.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Affect Weather Has on Human Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While the severity of destruction is an important issue, the timeless and capability of assistance and reconstruction programs, and the flexibility of affected territories and societies, will eventually shape the expectations of the region. Regions or countries that have experienced natural disasters, often known as fragile states in the global literature, are states that have experienced disasters such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, or droughts to the level that their safety, economic, health, and welfare structures are damaged or ruined. A current severe and sad example of the hit of natural disaster is the Hurricane Katrina which happened in United States on 29, August 2005 (Barb 2007). At a first glance, the attack on the Gulf Coasts of U.S. seems to be an example of a bulldozer contest at work. In building this research, the method used of ­fers a comprehensible or deep observation of the situations. The investigation, which takes the subsequent section and to which the study precedes to the conclusion of the research, assesses the impact of the attack on economy and health of the inhabitants of the city New Orleans. This proportional and static method employs measures established on the environmental effects of the hit. It points out the environmental effects of the attack on New Orleans economy and the health of the inhabitants. Natural Disaster On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, one of the most fatal hurricanes hit the southern part of U.S. This incidence caused landfall on the seashore of the Gulf of Mexico and within hours it became the major natural tragedy in U.S history (Jeremy, Matthew 1).Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The level of the destruction was unparalleled and had a bad effect on lives, huge demolition of property, and movement of hundred of thousands of people. Survivors of these natural tragedies were exposed to several obstacles to revival, as well as health and mental health problems. When Hurricane Katrina hit, the strength of the wind and storm surge aroused the levees and flooded the affected city’s resulting to loss of life, shocking damage, and massive dislodgment of people (Warner Scott, 2005). Eighty percent of New Orleans was flooded and unlivable causing the movement of the greater part of the city inhabitants. Hurricane Katrina caused the prime single movement of inhabitants from a natural disaster in US history. Effects of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans Economy The economic results of Hurricane Katrina, which strike the Gulf coast of America, are extensive. According to research carried out on the impact of the storm on the city, it was observed that Hurricane Katrina destroyed properties thereby exposing the city to environmental pollution which is harmful to the health of the inhabitants. Furthermore, the wreckage caused by the storm has devastated the economy. Before Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans created about 600,000 non-farm occupations. With reverence to its inbuilt nature, the total economic growth to New Orleans has surpassed $150 billion (Barb, 2007). Hurricane Katrina is an unpleasant shock to New Orleans and the economy of the nation, as a result shifting the economic development of New Orleans both in job opportunities and health wise. Hurricane Katrina in effect, damaged lives (labor) and capita l (production facilities, oil platforms), and consequently it negatively affected New Orleans ability to manufacture goods and services (Falk Baldwin 2006). The storm caused terrible damage in New Orleans (Gulf Coast of America). The levees that divided Lake Pontchartain from the city of New Orleans were destroyed causing the flooding of about 80 percent of the city, thereby damaging industries and houses within the city.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Affect Weather Has on Human Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More New Orleans’ economic infrastructure has several flaws, many of which preceded Hurricane Katrina but have been worsened by the damage done by the hurricane and its consequences. Perhaps, the single most important physical infrastructure problem is the changeable position of the levees and the flood-control system protecting the city from upcoming hurricanes. Despite the refurbishments that have been made, the doubt surrounding the city’s safety from future Hurricanes put off much-needed investment, both in the city’s opened business residents and by prospective new businesses and residents. Besides, the city’s physical infrastructures needs major improvement and renovations, not just to essential facilities as streets, transportation networks, and utilities, but particularly to the port and the city’s biomedical facilities. Other main setbacks for the city’s economic infrastructure include the quantity and quality of its labor force and the city’s association with business sectors. Effect on health Hurricane Katrina, the difficult concern of mental illness doubled compared with that in a similar New Orleans population before the hurricane. As occupants reoccupied the town, health authorities became more disturbed about the possibility for respiratory health consequences from danger to water destroyed homes and environment. Wh en experiencing a major storm, health workers are expected to work with other primary responders on awareness functions like preparing removals, carrying out examination for death rate and for infection, and communicating about dangers of post-hurricane, such as the danger of carbon monoxide physiological state created by toxic substances from unsuitable use of generators when power connections are disconnected (Falk Baldwin 2006). Hurricane Katrina caused vast challenges to public health and necessitates wide-ranging reactions.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Important concerns included the extensive damage it caused in New Orleans and across several states, as well as the interruption of clinical services; the disconnection of electric, gas, transportation system, and other services; destructive flooding that contributed to the mass departure of New Orleans; the need to supply protection, life, and medications for a long period to one million people who have been evacuated; and the problems in repopulating New Orleans, restoring its health care sector, and going back to fundamental public health roles (Falk Baldwin 2006). The effects of Hurricane Katrina on the health sector of New Orleans consist of the evaluation of huge amount of wreckage and decisions about harmless removal of solid and harmful wastes, evaluations about release of and exposure to harmful substances from manufacturing companies and waste places. Hurricane Katrina left the city of New Orleans in a difficult situation as a result of toxic air pollution which gives inc rease to health hazard of the residents. In line with research on Hurricane Katrina, human exposure to toxic air noxious wastes may cause cancer or other serious health consequences, such as procreative effects or birth deficiencies, or undesirable environmental and natural effects (Falk Baldwin 2006). Example of toxic air toxins include benzene, which is detected in gasoline; perchlorethlyene, which is discharged from some dry cleaning facilities; and methylene chloride, which is used as a solvent and paint stripper by a number of factories in New Orleans and other cities worldwide. Examples of other air toxic which have or will have an negative effect on the residents of New Orleans is carcinogenic hydrocarbons, asbestos, methylbenzene, and metals such as hydrargyrum, mercury, Cr, and lead compounds. In conclusion Hurricane Katrina have negatively affected the lives of many inhabitants of New Orleans (Or Gulf Coast) and caused billions of dollars in property destruction. However, environmental emergencies connecting the discharge, or vulnerable release, of oil, radioactive equipment, or harmful chemicals potentially may have an effect on communities and the neighboring environment. However, discharge caused by Hurricane Katrina is grievous to both the economy and to human health and with the harm done by storm on the economic infrastructures in New Orleans, it was observed that the residents are open to poisonous air toxins at an adequate concentrations and periods and this may result in high chance of developing cancer or experiencing other severe health effects. These health effects may possibly include harm to the immune system, and neurological, procreative (e.g., reduced fertility), developmental, respiratory, and other health harms. Similar to humans, if animals are open to waste from toxics, they may in time contact health problems (EPA, 2003). For example, increases in close air ozone and air pollution can be connected to high rates of asthma exacer bations because the contact has been found to stimulate an increase in airway inflammation. Barb, Palser. Hurricane Katrina: Aftermath of Disaster. Minneapolis, MA: Capstone, 2007. Print. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). About EPA. 2003. Web. https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa Falk, Helen, and Baldwin George. Environmental health and Hurricane Katrina. Environ Health Perspect (2006): 114: A12-A13. Web. Jeremy, Levitt I, and Matthew Whitaker C. Hurricane Katrina: Americas Unnatural Disaster. Nebraska: U of Nebraska Press, 2009. Print. Warner, Charles, Scott Thomas R. Where they died. The Times-Picayune. 2005. Web. https://www.nola.com/

Nursing Personal Statement How to Craft a Masterpiece

Nursing Personal Statement How to Craft a Masterpiece Nursing Personal Statement: How to Craft a Masterpiece If you are thinking about the next step in your academic career, you will appreciate that there is a lot of competition for the high-quality courses. As more and more candidates are seeking tertiary qualifications, it is getting harder and harder to stand out and secure the course place that you aspire to. High marks are no longer enough, and many educational institutions are looking for other ways to better understand which candidates will perform best if admitted into the course. One of these assessment elements is the personal statement. In this article, we will take a look at the type of personal statement that you need to prepare if you are considering applying for a nursing qualification. We’ll give you some examples of how to structure your nursing personal statement, and the kind of things that you should include. What Is a Nursing Personal Statement? This is a short written description about yourself and your experience, explaining to the assessor why you want to study nursing, and why you wish to be accepted by the particular course that you are applying to. This is not a thesis that is pages and pages long. You are probably looking to write somewhere between 500 and 800 words it needs to be succinct, but it also needs to contain enough detail and insights so that it is authentic, engaging, and impactful. What to Include in Your Nursing Personal Statement There are four key areas that you should generally try and include in your nursing personal statement. Explain what attracts you to study nursing. You need to be able to convey why nursing is your passion. For example, you may something like â€Å"The volunteer work in my local care home showed me the positive impact that nurses can have on the lives of patients†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"The changing care models in our health system make it a dynamic and evolving career option†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Explain why you have applied to this specific course. You need to demonstrate that you have put some thought and research into the course that you have applied for. For example, you may something like â€Å"My passion is in the mental health sector, and I noted that this course has a very strong reputation in this field.† Explain how your skills and experience have prepared you for this course. You need to show the assessors that you will hit the ground running, that you know what to expect from this course. You may say something like: â€Å"As a diabetic, I have spent a lot of time being cared for highly trained and professional nurses, and it has given me enormous insight into the passion and dedication required for this career.† Test Your Nursing Personal Statement Once you have written your nursing personal statement, make sure that you get someone to proofread it for you to pick up any grammar or typographical errors. You then can ask your friends, family, and professional network to critically read your nursing personal statement. Actively seek their feedback to ensure that your nursing personal statement not only accurately reflects who you are but also that it is authentic, engaging, and has a real impact on someone who is reading it for the first time. If nursing is your passion and your career aspiration, then make sure that you take the time to create a nursing personal statement that will help you secure the course place that you need to achieve your goals.

Either Topic You Choose Is Fine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Either Topic You Choose Is Fine - Research Paper Example Hawthorne tries to be objective to Puritans showing their good and bad traits in the plot of the novel; he embraces Puritan ideology when it comes to personal traits and values; however, he critiques its practices of biased attitude, severity of laws and collective sense of guilt. Puritans believed that people were born sinners and they had to devote their lives to purify themselves. The sense of guilt was considered to be collective; once the sin was confessed, the punishment needed to be introduced. In Puritan tradition, public shame was the biggest punishment for all people. Peer-policing and judgmental attitude to each other worked effectively to detect and scapegoat â€Å"a bad apple† (Johnson). This tradition was depicted through people’s attitude to Hester Prynne and her child. Marked by the scarlet A, she was supposed to be excluded from the society where she lived. Moreover, she was expected to suffer from guilt and shame caused by this severe punishment. Refusal to make a public confession was unacceptable in Puritan community where Hester lived. She understood that she attracts even more attention when she refused to confess, but she cared about the future of Dimmesdale who was too weak to behave the same way. Despite the expected development of the plot, Hester perceived her sin as a lesson to learn. She developed a great will power and strength to survive public humiliation and isolation. First of all, she did not disclose the personality of Pearl’s father who was a local preacher. Second of all, she learned to live under the circumstances which were designed to humiliate her without guilt. Instead of being destroyed by the sense of guilt, Hester was ready to face the consequences of her â€Å"sin† and cope with them. For instance, when the day of her punishment took place, she â€Å"sustained herself as best a woman might† (Hawthorne). She objected people who wanted to take away her daughter from her

The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Academic Achievment among College Essay

The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Academic Achievment among College Students Literature Review - Essay Example â€Å"Over 40% of students nationwide have been reported to participate in binge drinking behavior, when it is defined as at least four drinks per drinking occasion for women and at least five drinks for men† (Jennison, 2004b). Excessive consumption of alcohols among college students has been closely linked with academic disturbances such as missed classes, reduction in classroom performance, lowered grades, dropping out, and school failure (Jennison, 2004b). The Harvard School of Public Health CoUege Alcohol Study (1999) reveals 44% of the surveyed students to be binge drinkers 23% to be frequent binge drinkers (Richardson, 2000). Its effects on academics in higher education institutions are indeed a matter of concern. â€Å"In addition to well-documented consequences such as poor performance on assignments and missed classes, studies suggest that college drinking is a major factor in student dropout rates† (Sullivan, 2002). This severe threat of the college drinking problem led to the setting up of a task force on College Drinking in 1998 by the National Advisory Council to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) with the view to support the development of a national plan for college drinking research at NIAAA (Jennison, 2004b). According to the information provided by NIAAA Task Force on College Drinking almost 25% of college students experience academic disturbances due to alcohol consumption, such as obtaining lower grades, performing poorly in tests and projects, missing class and even dropping out (â€Å"A Call to Action†, 2002). The use and abuse of alcohol by students on campuses has been recognized as a serious disturbance affecting the student life (Molstad et al., 1998). Heavy patterns of alcohol accompany greater chances of students experiencing alcohol related problems mainly poor academic performance (Molstad et al., 1998). The alcohol intake by male college students is more frequent and in greater volumes

The Sikh Temple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Sikh Temple - Case Study Example Those who believe in that philosophy join together and a religion is born. Those believers congregate in one place to reinforce their faith and thus places of worship come into existence. It is a long drawn progression whence a religion becomes a reality. It is an ongoing and continuous process that never has an end. The problem starts when places of worship become displays of religious supremacy. The imposing constructions and their special signature are nothing new at places of worship. History is replete with many such edifices to honor conquests and subjugation of their subjects. Many victories have been dedicated to some gods and impressive temples built to commemorate the victories. What is a Gurdwara The word "Guru" is made up of two words- "GU" meaning DARK and "RU" meaning LIGHT. The word Guru means from darkness to light or from ignorance to enlightenment. The one who enlightens is called "GURU". Among the Sikhs the title "guru" was given to the 10 leaders of the community from Nanak (1469-1539), the founder to Govind Singh (1666-1708) the tenth and last Guru. During the times of the early Gurus, Sikh places of worship were referred to as dharamsalas. They were places where Sikhs could gather to hear the Guru speak or sing hymns. As the Sikh population grew, Guru Hargobind the sixth Guru introduced the word Gurdwara, meaning the gateway through which the Guru could be reached. Thereafter all Sikh places of worship came to be known as Gurdwaras. Govind Singh, in 1708, ended the succession line of personal Gurus and installed the sacred book of "Guru Granth Sahib" as his eternal successor. Guru Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Sikh Guru in 1604. It is a compilation of the actual words spoken by the Sikh Gurus and various other Saints from other religions including Hinduism and Islam. The Background of San Jose Gurdwara Sikh Gurdwara - San Jose, was founded in the Evergreen district of San Jose, California, USA in 1985 by leaders of the then-rapidly growing Santa Clara Valley Sikh community. Initially they congregated in a rented East Bay Community Center. In 1986 they bought a small building on White Road in East San Jose and later added some nearby land. Soon they realized that it would be too expensive to build a Gurdwara of their requirements in the city limits, so they sold that land and in 1996 the Gurdwara Committee under the tutelage of Bob (Bhupinder) Singh Dhillon bought 40 Acres of land near East San Jose Foothills in Evergreen District. The first phase of the project of approximately 20,000 square feet built-up area was completed in August 2004 at a cost of 10 million dollars. With an estimated investment of another 10 million dollars in the second phase the completed Gurdwara will have over 90,000 square feet built-up area, housing all the essential features of a Gurdwara. The Fremont's temple in the Bay area, built in 1991 at a cost of 1.8 million dollars is, at present, the nation's largest. With its completion San Jose Gurdwara will overtake the Fremont temple in size. The Controversy The 90,000 square feet structure sparked controversy when Sikhs first unveiled their aspiration. Ironically, beauty of the site is the chief cause for concern among Evergreen residents; many of them believe the temple may become a tourist's attraction, causing traffic problems

The Five Management Functions Essay Example for Free

The Five Management Functions Essay The subject of this reflective paper is regarding the most critical organizational management functions. Critical management functions sit at the core of any organization and steer its leaders, managers, and employees toward success by utilizing the people and resources in the most effective manner. My intent is for the reader to be enlightened of how I helped manage a Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) company by implementing some of the same leadership and management methods from our Management 330 college course. Though many of the Theories from the text book are very valuable, I believe some the information is very vague and somewhat common sense in nature. In my opinion, I don’t believe Mark Zuckerburg, Bill Gates, Lee Iacocca, Mark Cuban, or Donald Trump used these EXACT theories of management to become successful owners of businesses and organizations. Think of how the main points and sub-headings pertain to your current job or another job you have held in the past. My personal examples provide a simplistic version that proves with the right planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling, a tiny HVAC company could become an even larger success than what the owner had initially hoped for. Enjoy! The Planning Function Upon retirement from the USAF and a short term of employment at Sandia National Laboratories, I was hired to manage a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) company. I was not very familiar with HVAC systems, but as a home owner I knew enough about them that I was comfortable in that type of environment. The owner of the company seldom communicated with the HVAC technicians because he wanted them out of the shop and either on their way to the job site or at the job site no later than 8:00 a. m. The company had seven HVAC technicians, an accountant and me, the company manager. A few of my daily tasks were to maintain the weekly service call, maintenance, and installation schedules. This required extensive planning and communication with the technicians. As the manager, I was responsible for enforcing the owner’s company goals then motivate the employees to reach those goals via several courses of action. I used a variety of planning activities to include bi-weekly staff meetings, reviewing internal and external factors such as employee’s scheduled vacations, budget statuses, job site locations, and the weekly weather forecast. I also had to take into consideration the strengths and weaknesses of our employees. Some technicians had more experience and education than others, so I had to match jobs with installers or service technicians. There were some jobs our company was not qualified to do, such as electrical installation and hook up. None of our technicians were licensed electricians, which was a handicap for the organization. If a job required electrical installation or upgrade, I would coordinate with one of our electrical sub-contractors to ensure they could be on the job site when the equipment was ready for electrical hook up and start up. Our accountant was responsible for all aspects of receiving and distributing monetary resources to complete the company’s goals. One of the many challenges we faced was keeping informed of the government incentives for households to install more efficient heating and cooling systems. We were in constant communication with our system vendors to get the latest and greatest government rebates and installation incentives and deadlines. Economic and technological changes were another challenge because we had to stay abreast of new and emerging heating and cooling systems to stay competitive in the HVAC industry. Planning for an organization occurs with some degree of uncertainty because the end result is somewhat unknown. As the manager, I sometimes had to take certain risks with company resources to succeed in a job completion strategy. The Five Functions of Effective Management; Introduction to Management: Achieving Form through Function, Chapter 1, Page 15). Even though this company was relatively small with less than 10 employees, the same planning fundamentals applied to that of a major employer or organization. The Organizing Function When the owner of the company had new tasks or company goals, I was always his go-to person to ensure the visions and processes he demanded were successful. Our task and authority relationship (The Five Functions of Effective Management; Introduction to Management: Achieving Form through Function, Chapter 1, Page 15). as always very professional because we worked together to achieve the organization’s goals. Another important responsibility I was delegated was to decide the best way to organize the company’s resources. The owner usually determined the actual job requirements, what specifically needed to be done, and who he wanted doing the job(s). My role was to inform him of each employee’s status, who was available, who was qualified, etc. , The Staffing Function As an Information Technology geek by trade, my experience with the human resources and staffing functions was limited. During my Air Force career, I was not able to choose who I wanted in my work center. It was my decision as to who would supervise who, but the hiring/firing and interviewing functions were pretty much non-existent in the military; you get who is allocated toward a specific vacancy, get the person trained, press on with the mission, and mold your troops to become leaders in their own right. If they mess up along the way, you reprimand them and hope they learn from their mistakes. As the HVAC company manager, staffing was also delegated to me. Even with my lack of human resource experience, the owner wanted his manager to do the recruiting, selecting, evaluating, and hiring of employees. (The Five Functions of Effective Management; Introduction to Management: Achieving Form through Function, Chapter 1, Page 16). The Leading Function I was taught that to become a truly effective leader you must first be an effective follower and subordinate. I have been on both sides of the leading/following roles and know what it is like to be the low person on the totem pole or the â€Å"boss† making the tough decisions. A key element when trying to motivate individuals to accomplish goals is to present clear tasks to those completing the organizations actual goals. The owner and I would constantly encourage our technicians to be great at what they do, not just be good at what they do, and that if they needed anything from us we were always available for support and mentoring. My boss had a tendency to get a bit excited and raise his voice when something didn’t go as planned. Once he calmed down, he and I were able to sit at the conference table to sort out the events that led to an unsatisfied customer or a derogatory employee internal issue. I would open up the conversation with an open mind and allow the employee(s) to take their time to explain what went wrong or why a customer was dissatisfied. After listening to what had actually occurred, the situation was discussed thoroughly, and a plan of action to remedy the issue was agreed upon by all parties, I could always sense an increase of personal commitment to the organization. The Control Function After a few weeks as manager of the company, I noticed the technicians did not provide customer satisfaction/feedback forms to our customers. I asked the boss about how he receives feedback from our customers and he told me that if there is a problem someone will call you and then you can report the problem to me. I asked how he received positive feedback from a job well done or when an employee goes above and beyond the norm to satisfy a customer. He told me that the employee would just tell him that their customers were very pleased with their service. That didn’t seem like a very accurate customer service measuring tool so I suggested we implement an easy, effective, and yet â€Å"voluntary† customer feedback system. My idea was the next time we needed to order our company invoices, to have the printing contractor add a portion to the customer’s copy where the customer could fill in the survey/feedback form and mail it, fax it or e-mail their comments to me and the owner. Then, we would hold a monthly drawing from our customer feedback file, and one of our customers would receive free merchandise, such as a pocket knife with our company name and logo, a free HVAC inspection, free furnace filters, or a free spring or fall start-up of heating or cooling services. After 30 days, the feedback forms, e-mails, and phone calls increased our customer relations by over 80 percent and business increased by over 25%! Within a matter of 90 days we had established an excellent customer service standard, and an employee performance metric that was created by external factors, not biased internal performance ratings. The owner was impressed with the new system and began to reward employees with free lunches, new tools, use of company vehicles (which helped with advertising), paid time off, and other tokens of his appreciation for a job well done.